Toward a complete definition of relatedness in mergers and. Severe plastic deformation by equal channel angular pressing according to the conform schedule ecapconform is used for the first time to produce long titanium rods in a nanostructured state. The simulation process was done for al 5083 alloy using deform 3d software at two different channel angles 90 0 and 120 0 and with two distinct routes a and c. However, in this case, to maintain the structural integrity of the billets and therefore allow the application of several ecap passes, temperatures at least around 200c are needed, which limits considerably the final grain size and density of defects 9.
Results indicated that as cast alsic composites can be successfully fabricated via a cheap conventional stir casting method, giving fairly dispersed sic particle distribution and having low porosity levels equal channel angular pressing with parallel channels. Equal channel angular pressing is one of the techniques in metal forming processes in which an ultralarge plastic strain is imposed on a bulk material in order to make ultrafine grained and. This model is made up of 19 functional tabs, allowing you to conduct an incredibly thorough analysis of the financials behind the merger. Processing of metals by equalchannel angular pressing. Feb 25, 2009 itv proposes merger with channel 4 and five to create broadcasting giant this article is more than 11 years old.
Acqnotes is not an official department of defense dod, air force, navy, or army website. Pdf study of microstructure and mechanical properties of pure. Abstract ultrafine grained materials have been widely investigated due to their improved mechanical properties such as high strength and ductility. Processing of a lowcarbon steel by equalchannel angular. Present paper addresses the ecap, that is applied to the al alloys 6063 and pure cu. Equal channel angular pressing ecap, which primarily introduced by segal is one of the severe plastic deformation methods for developing ultrafine grained materials in metal alloys 1. These grains were reasonably stable up to annealing temperatures of. Parkb a department of metallurgy and materials engineering, iran university of science and technology iust, narmak, tehran 16846114, iran bdepartment of materials science and engineering.
Merger of equals is a phrase that is thrown around in deal negotiations and disclosures often without a full appreciation of its meaning, or lack thereof as was laid bare in the acrimonious litigation over the daimlerchrysler combination. Equal channel angular pressing ecap is a processing method in which a metal is subjected to intense plastic straining through simple shear without any corresponding change in the crosssectional dimensions of the sample 12. Merging the manufacturing process of nanomaterials with material fabrication is highly challenging in terms of cost of making many of the raw components for. Any information, products, services or hyperlinks contained within this website does not constitute any type of endorsement by the dod, air force, navy or army. During the last decade, equalchannel angular pressing ecap has. Equal channel angular pressing of metallic powders for. A merger of equals refers to the combination or unionization of two companies considered to be of equal size to become a new single company.
Pdf equal channel angular pressing technique for the. Equalchannel angular pressing of commercial aluminum. Itv proposes merger with channel 4 and five to create. It not only saved the money, if imported from abroad, but enhanced technical knowledge about press manufacturing, designing and fabrication xiv.
Copies of the 2012 horizontal merger investigation update report, as well as the original report issued in 2004 and the updated reports issued in 2007 and 2008, can be found on the ftcs website. The microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Ecap equal channel angular pressing, one of the most promising method in spd, was used for the powder consolidation. Pdf there has been much interest in recent years in improving. Plastic deformation through equal channel angular pressing mutiu f erinosho, member, iaeng, and esther t akinlabi, member, iaeng m proceedings of. Compressive behavior and deformation kinetics of ultra. Fairness considerations for mergers of equals mercer capital. Merger of equals are a means for companies to combine with no designated acquirer. Its how executives love to present big corporate tieups. Principles of equalchannel angular pressing as a processing.
The ftcs bureau of competition works with the bureau of economics to investigate alleged anticompetitive business practices and, when appropriate. Equal channel angular pressing of alsic composites. To carry out equal channel angular pressing experimentation, it was decided to design, fabricate, and to manufacture a hydraulic press with a capacity of 100 tons using locally available material. Equal channel angular pressing an overview sciencedirect topics. Considering nonprice effects in merger control background. Article equal channel angular pressing with rotating shear plane to produce hybrid materials with helical architecture of constituents rimma lapovoka institute for frontier materials, deakin university, waurn ponds, victoria 3216, australia. The microstructure of the alloys in the initial extruded and heat treated state and after ecap was investigated using an optical. The effect of equalchannel angular pressing on the.
Samples were pressed through a total of three passes at room temperature. The merger guidelines of many competition authorities contain references to nonprice effects1, and there are certainly some merger cases that mention nonprice effects. What is a merger of equals and what problems can arise. Equal channel angular pressing ecap is the most prominent spd technique, due to its capability of producing bulk workpieces free of porosity and inclusions 3.
Equalchannel angular pressing ecap is a processing method in which a metal is subjected to an intense plastic straining through simple shear without any corresponding change in the crosssectional dimensions of the sample. It was found that the better grain size and orientation was obtained with the channel angle close to 90 degre yamashita et al 5 e. A number of designs templates to implement equal channel angular pressing are developed. Equalchannel angular pressing as a new processing to. Article equal channel angular pressing with rotating shear. This is a very attractive feature for industrial superplastic forming applications. Microstructure and mechanical properties of pb4%sb alloy. Venugopal 2007 influence of cold extrusion on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an aluminium alloy previously subjected to equal channel angular pressing, j. As a result of ecapconform followed by drawing, the ultimate strength of grade 4 titanium increases to 50 mpa, and its yield strength increases to 0 mpa at a high retained plasticity.
Equal channel angular pressing is the most popular process of severe plastic deformation used to refine grain structure in metals in order to improve their properties. The samples produced a range of microstructures in order to investigate the effect of straining on its corrosion behavior in 3. The process of equal channel angular pressing ecap, known also as equal channel angular extrusion ecae, was first introduced by segal and his coworkers in the 1970s and 1980s at an institute in minsk in the former soviet union. Chapter 22 mergers and corporate control flashcards quizlet. Keywords aluminum alloys, equalchannel angular pressing. Because of this, it is not clear whether nonhorizontal merger control has to prevent price increases due to shortterm profit maximizing firms as horizontal merger control does or whether it must contrast exclusionary conduct, of the type examined in the assessment of abuses of dominance under art.
The change in hardness of the alloy with ecap passes is almost consistent with the trend in strength, but the. The thesis consist of a general introduction to equal channel angular pressing ecap, aluminium alloys and deformation mechanisms, followed by a detailed strain analysis of ecaped materials, mechanical properties and finally a study of the microstructural and textural development resulting from equal channel angular pressing. Huntsman and clariant to combine in merger of equals. Equal channel angular pressing technique for the formation. It is not to be confused with other forms of mergers. The thesis consist of a general introduction to equal channel angular pressing ecap. However, industrial production of these materials is lagging behind because of the lack of industrially viable severe plastic deformation processes. Pdf a new spd technique, equal channel angular pressing with parallel channels ecappc, has been recently developed. However, for practical reasons, departure from this pure definition might be useful.
The uniqueness of ecap is that fine grains are obtained without changing any of the dimensions of the sample. Equal channel angular pressing ecap is an emerging metal forming technique and a potential. The anova and taguchi analysis is calculated based on. Effect of equal channel angular pressing ecap on microstructure and properties of alfealcr intermetallic phase composites sizes between the as extruded and ecap conditions. Modifying equal channel angular pressing ecap for cual. For instance, a deal is considered related if the 2 alhenawi and krishnaswami 2014 use simple sic classification and the continuous measure developed by palepu 1985. On merger market, this seems to be what it is suggesting and this is what the stats and multiples on there are calculated on the basis of. Introduction recently, the importance of severe plastic deformation and equal channel angular pressing ecap has been increasingly recognized due to the unique physical and mechanical properties inherent in various ultrafine grained materials 14. The effect of grain size and pressing speed on the deformation mode of commercially pure ti during equal channel angular pressing ecap, were discussed in the article. Equal channel angular pressing of aluminium alloy 5083.
The process of ecap allows us to introduce very large plastic deformations to. Pdf equalchannel angular pressing of thinwalled copper tube. One attempt to change this situation is based on the concept of incremental equal channel angular pressing developed by the university of strathclyde and warsaw university of technology. Microstructure and mechanical properties of al7075 alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing combined with aging treatment m. Effect of equal channel angular pressing processing routes. The al6063 alloy and pure cu is subjected to ecap at room temperature for 2 passes to study the effect on the microstructure and. The return of the merger of equals the new york times.
This procedure may be used to introduce an ultrafine grain size into polycrystalline materials. Request pdf scaling up segals principle of equalchannel angular pressing this paper focuses on scaling of equalchannel angular pressing ecap from. This procedure has the advantage of fabricating fully dense materials without the introduction of any contaminants. Equal channel angular pressing ecap via routes a and bc was used to process heat treated a356 alloy.
Considering a merger between firms 1 and firm 2 selling respectively product 1 and product 2 the formula of the upp test is given by the following expression. Pdf effect of equal channel angular pressing on az31. Equal channel angular extrusion characteristics on mechanical. Using equal channel angular eca pressing at room temperature, the grain sizes of six different commercial aluminumbased alloys 1100, 2024, 3004, 5083, 6061, and 7075 were reduced to within the submicrometer range. The second part of this work demonstrates that processing by ecap may be extended from conventional rod or bar samples to samples in the form of plates. Equal channel angular extrusion ecae is one technique from the severe plastic deformation spd group, aimed at producing ultra fine grained ufg material. In the deal, company a exchanged its shares of one share for every 0. Pdf application of equal channel angular pressing with parallel. Merger model consolidation of two companies eloquens. Equalchannel angular pressing ecap is an effective tool for producing ultra fine. Microstructure and mechanical properties of al7075 alloy. In industrial metalworking, it is an extrusion process, the technique is able to refine the microstructure of metals and alloys, thereby improving their.
Equal channel angular pressing, cualni shape memory alloys, fem analysis i. Design, fabrication and manufacturing of 100 ton hydraulic. Equalchannel angular pressing ecap is a processing method in which a metal is. A stepped shape hotwork tool steel hornwas successfullydesignedand manufacturedtopromote maximumpunchforcereduction. Combining circulartorectangular direct extrusion and. Even though the term may not hold specific legal meaning or carry specific. Finite element simulation of equal channel angular. Incremental nonequal channel angular pressing aip publishing. The blurred scope of nonhorizontal merger control in europe. Mechanical properties of bulk nanocrystalline austenitic.
Equal channel angular pressing ecap is a metal forming technique used to produce ultrafine grain microstructure through severe plastic deformation. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Homogeneous consolidation process by ecap for az31 cutting chips. Abstract equal channel angular pressing ecap is a forming procedure.
All the assets and liabilities of the transferor company should become, after amalgamation. The underlining factor in this kind of merger is that, both companies must be, to some extent, of equal size. Ftc issues 2012 update of horizontal merger investigation. Start studying chapter 22 mergers and corporate control. Equal channel angular pressing as a new processing to control the microstructure and texture of metallic sheets 603. Inhomogeneity through warm equal channel angular pressing. Pdf effect of equal channel angular pressing ecap on. Process modelling of equal channel angular pressing for ultrafine. The equal channel angular pressing ecap processing regimes employed. Horizontal mergers with free entry michigan state university. Equal channel angular pressing ecap is a convenient processing tool for introducing very significant grain refinement, typically to the submicrometer level, in a wide range of metals. Pdf equal channel angular pressing ecap was applied on a pure aluminum sample and the value of hardness was investigated. Using equalchannel angular pressing for the production of.
Description this excel file is a great tool for documenting and planning the merger and ultimately, the consolidation of two companies. Corporations that give notice of dissolution to creditors are afforded the same protection from future claims as the dissolving corporation that does not give notice true or false. We also experimented on a copper alloy using the equal channel angular pressing technique to examine the microstructural, mechanical and hardness properties of the. Senthil murugan assistant professor department of mechanical engineering mepco schlenk engineering college, india abstract. The mold is a split structure with the parting surface at the edge of the channel, so as to take out the sample smoothly. The most common process of spd is the equal channel angular pressing.
Aug 22, 2016 fairness considerations for mergers of equals the arbiter between success and failure for moes typically is culture, unless the combination was just a triumph of investment banking and hubris, as was the case with aoltime warner. Effect of equal channel angular pressing combined with. Pdf equal channel angular pressing of tubular samples. N denotes the number of passes at a given temperature. One of the features of severe plastic deformation is lack of change of billets shape and dimensions. The reality is that it isnt easy working out how to share control of multibilliondollar businesses among strong. In the ecap process of not only solid but also powder metals, knowledge of the density as well as internal stress, strain and strain rate distribution is important for understanding the process. The equal channel angular pressing method is at present one of the most promising and commonly used of all severe plastic deformation processes. Principles of equalchannel angular pressing as a processing tool. Scaling up segals principle of equalchannel angular pressing. Even with one ecap pass there was significant increase in both hardness and strength. Merger of equals valuation multiples wall street oasis. Create a column table from the welcome or new table dialog, choose the column tab. A merger of equals, also commonly referred to as a founder transaction or simply consolidation, does not follow a traditional acquisition or merger model where there is a perceived winner or.
Equal channel angular extrusion ecae has been known over some years now as a deformation and grain refinement. Equalchannel angular pressing ecap of magnesium alloy mg3al1zn wt. Equal channel angular pressing to produce ultrafine pure. Feb 17, 2009 the combination of ticketmaster entertainment and live nation is a relative rarity these days. Enter the p values enter p values, calculated elsewhere, into column a. There has been also attempts to adapt this technique to continuous processing, enabling the production of materials in a large scale, efficient and cost effective manner 4. The equal channel angular pressing was successfully applied to the aluminum billet using route a. Equalchannel angular pressing of thinwalled copper tube article pdf available in arabian journal for science and engineering 409 july 2015 with 275 reads how we measure reads. Each of the following is an advantage of an external expansion except. As per as14, an amalgamation is called in the nature of merger if it satisfies all the following condition. Optimization process parameters of equal angular channel. The model employed to simulate the pressing for two consecutive passes. Professor, mechanical engineering department, sanjay bhokare group of institutes, miraj, maharashtra, india. Compressive behavior and deformation kinetics of ultrafine.
In this study, the hardness inhomogeneity of billets during multipasses of equal channel angular pressing ecap at elevated temperatures is investigated and the effect of large strain deformation during ecap on the hardness inhomogeneity characteristics due to dynamic aging of aluminum 6061 under a variety of temperatures and ram speed was studied by tem and hardness measurements. Horn design for ultrasonic vibrationaided equal channel. Incremental equal channel angular pressing for grain. Notice that in this hypothetical market, the premerger hhi would be, the change in hhi due to the merger would be 200, and the market would be classified as moderately concentrated according to the 1992 horizontal merger guidelines, in which case the transaction could be.
The ecap principle used for the consolidation of aluminum alloy. An experimental and numerical study of equal channel angular pressing ecap as the most effective severe plastic deformation spd process and circulartorectangular direct extrusion crde as traditional deformation process has been conducted as separate and combined processes, respectively. For example, a merger may have a substantial effect on product quality but relatively little effect on price as a result of consumer preferences and willingness to pay. Microstructures by optical microscopy after final annealing showing partially and fully recrystallised states in a conventional and b ecap processes. Application of the ecap technique for material consolidation is another. The equal channel angular pressing ecap is one of methods that has been used often by researchers. In a robustness check, they applied hoberg and phillips 2010, 2014 classification in a study that. Equal channel angular extrusion an overview sciencedirect topics.